MUSLIM LAW

The primary source of Muslim law is:

Quran

The term 'Hadith' refers to:

Sayings, traditions and actions of the Prophet

Ijma is based on:

Consensus of Muslim jurists

Qiyas is a method of:

Analogical reasoning

The Shariat means:

Path to be followed

The most important and foundational source of Muslim law is:

Quran

The secondary source of Muslim law is:

Hadith

The compilation of Prophet’s sayings is known as:

Hadith

The source of Muslim law developed through reasoning by analogy is:

Qiyas

Ijma is based on the consensus of:

The jurists

'Urf' refers to:

Customary practices

Which school of Muslim law is most liberal in interpretation?

Hanafi

Which school of Muslim law emphasizes on the practices of the people of Medina?

Maliki

Imam Abu Hanifa was the founder of:

Hanafi School

Qiyas as a source of law is mainly used when:

There is no clear Quranic verse or Hadith

Muslim Personal Law in India is governed by:

Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937

Which source of Muslim law is least used by orthodox schools?

Qiyas

Fiqh refers to:

Law derived by human reasoning

The method of reasoning by analogy in Islamic law is called:

Qiyas

Custom as a source of Muslim law is known as:

Urf

Which school of Muslim law uses Istislah (public interest) as a source?

Maliki

Which source of Muslim law is considered divine in origin?

Quran

Fatwa is a:

Personal opinion of a jurist

The term "Fiqh" means:

Jurisprudence or human interpretation of divine law

The Hadith was compiled:

After the death of Prophet Muhammad

The Shariat Application Act, 1937, made which law applicable to Muslims in India?

Muslim Personal Law

Under Muslim law, marriage is considered as:

Contract

The Arabic term for marriage is:

Nikah

The essential requirement for a valid Muslim marriage is:

Offer and acceptance (Ijab-o-Qubool)

The requirement of witnesses is compulsory in a Muslim marriage under:

Sunni Law

A Muslim male can marry up to:

Four wives

The object of marriage under Muslim law is primarily:

Legalizing sexual relations and procreation of children

In Muslim law, the marriageable age for a girl is:

Puberty

The guardian for marriage in Muslim law is called

Wali

A marriage with a woman undergoing iddat in sunni law is:

Irregular

A marriage with a fifth wife is:

Void

Dower (Mahr) in Muslim marriage is:

A mark of respect from husband to wife

Marriage under Muslim law is:

Civil contract with religious overtones

A Muta marriage is:

Temporary marriage under Shia law

In Muta marriage, the duration:

Must be fixed

A Muslim woman can contract a valid marriage if she is:

Pubescent and of sound mind

Under Muslim law, a marriage prohibited by reason of consanguinity is:

Void

Marriage with a Kitabia woman is:

Valid

Marriage with a fire-worshipper under Muslim law is:

Void

The amount of dower may be:

Specified or unspecified

If dower is not specified in the marriage contract, the wife is entitled to:

Customary dower (Mahr-i-Misl)

In a valid Muslim marriage, the consent of parties:

Must be free and voluntary

Marriage with a foster sister is:

Void

Marriage between two Muslims without witnesses under Shia law is:

Valid

For a valid Muslim marriage, the parties must be:

Of sound mind and puberty

Consent in Muslim marriage must be:

Free and voluntary

In Sunni law, the number of witnesses required for a valid marriage is:

Two male or one male and two females

In Shia law, the requirement of witnesses for marriage is:

Not mandatory

Marriage under Muslim law is not valid if it is:

Done without free consent

In Muslim law, a marriage is valid only when:

It is witnessed and has offer and acceptance

A Muslim marriage is void if:

With a person within prohibited degrees

In Muslim law, ‘Ijab’ and ‘Qubool’ must be:

Expressed at the same/one meeting

A marriage is irregular (Fasid) if:

It is performed during iddat

A Muslim marriage is enforceable only if:

Witnesses are present (in Sunni law)

Free consent in Muslim marriage is vitiated by:

Coercion, fraud, or undue influence

Dower is:

An essential condition for a valid marriage

The marriage of a lunatic without guardian is:

Void

Muslim marriage can take place:

At any place with valid offer and acceptance

A valid Muslim marriage must not violate:

Prohibited degrees of relationship

The age of marriage in Muslim law is:

Attainment of puberty

Marriage between parties within prohibited degrees is:

Void

Under Muslim law, marriage with a woman related by consanguinity is:

Void

Marriage with one’s foster-sister is:

Void

Under Muslim law, marriage is prohibited by:

Consanguinity, affinity, and fosterage

Prohibition based on consanguinity includes:

Sister, Niece, Aunt

Prohibition based on affinity includes:

Wife’s mother, Stepdaughter

Prohibition based on fosterage includes:

Foster-mother,Foster-sister, Foster-niece

Marriage with a woman who is already married is:

Void

Marriage with two sisters at the same time is:

Irregular under sunni law

In Muslim law, consanguinity refers to:

Blood relationships

In Shia law, marriage during iddat is:

Void

Under Muslim law, marriages are classified into:

Valid, Irregular, Void

A valid marriage in Muslim law is called:

Sahih

A void marriage in Muslim law is called:

Batil

An irregular marriage in Muslim law is known as:

Fasid

A Sahih (valid) marriage creates:

Legal obligations like maintenance and inheritance

A Fasid marriage becomes Sahih:

On removal of the irregularity

A Batil marriage:

Is void from the beginning

Marriage with a woman during iddat is considered:

Irregular

Marriage with a fifth wife is:

Void

A Muta marriage is recognized under:

Shia Law

Muta marriage is a:

Temporary marriage

The essential condition of Muta marriage is:

Specification of duration and dower

Muta marriage ends:

On expiry of the fixed period or by death

In Muta marriage, if no period is specified, it is treated as:

Permanent marriage

Sunni law does not recognize:

Muta marriage

Marriage without witnesses is valid under:

Shia law

Talaq in Muslim law means:

Divorce by husband

The ‘Iddat’ period after talaq is:

3 menstrual cycles or 3 lunar months

Under Sunni law, talaq given once or twice is:

Revocable during iddat

Triple talaq (Talaq-e-Bid’ah) means:

Talaq pronounced three times in one sitting and it become irrevocable

Talaq-e-Tafweez means:

Divorce delegated by husband to wife

The effect of talaq is that:

It becomes final after iddat if not revoked

Under Shia law, talaq given thrice at one time is:

Void

A Muslim husband can divorce his wife by:

Talaq or Khula or Mubarat

The doctrine of revocable talaq is called:

Talaq-ul sunnat

Talaq-e-Bain means:

Irrevocable talaq

The period of ‘iddat’ is meant to:

Confirm pregnancy and allow reconciliation

Talaq given verbally without witnesses is:

Valid under Sunni law

Triple talaq has been declared unconstitutional and illegal by the Supreme Court of India in:

2019

Post-Supreme Court judgment on triple talaq, talaq pronounced in any form:

Is criminal offense under Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019

Khula means:

Divorce initiated by wife with husband’s consent

Talaq given thrice at one time is called:

Talaq-e-Bid’ah

Talaq-e-Bain is:

Irrevocable talaq

Talaq-e-Mubarat means:

Divorce by mutual consent

Which kind of talaq allows the husband to revoke it during the iddat period?

Talaq-ul-sunnah

Talaq-e-Bid’ah is also called:

Triple talaq

Which type of talaq is not recognized under Shia law?

Talaq-e-Bid’ah (Triple Talaq)

Talaq-e-Bain becomes irrevocable:

Immediately after pronouncement

Talaq-e-Mubarat ends marriage:

Immediately

Under the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019, talaq-e-bid’ah is:

Void and punishable

Sunnat Talaq refers to:

Talaq given according to Sunnah (Prophetic practice) in three separate pronouncements with waiting periods

The period between two pronouncements of Sunnat Talaq should be at least:

One menstrual cycle or one lunar month

Sunnat Talaq is also known as:

Talaq-e-ahsan or Talaq-e-Hasan

How many pronouncements of talaq are required to complete Sunnat Talaq?

Three

After the first and second pronouncement of Sunnat Talaq, the talaq is:

Revocable during iddat

After the third pronouncement of Sunnat Talaq, the talaq is:

Irrevocable and final

The waiting period (iddat) during Sunnat Talaq is meant to:

Allow for reconciliation and confirm pregnancy

Which school of Muslim law strongly advocates Sunnat Talaq?

All Muslim schools

Sunnat Talaq can be pronounced:

Verbally or in writing

Sunnat Talaq pronounced during wife’s pregnancy is:

Valid

Under Sunnat Talaq, after the third talaq, the couple:

Cannot remarry unless wife marries another man and that marriage dissolves

The practice of Sunnat Talaq is based on:

Quranic injunctions and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad

The landmark case related to triple talaq in India is:

Shayara Bano Case

The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 deals with:

Criminalization of triple talaq

Before the Supreme Court judgment, triple talaq was:

Valid and recognized under Muslim Personal Law

The punishment under Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 for pronouncing triple talaq is:

Imprisonment up to three years

Khula means:

Divorce initiated by wife with husband’s consent by returning dower or compensation

Under Muslim law, Khula is:

Allowed only if husband agrees

In Khula, the wife usually returns:

Dower or part of it as compensation

Khula differs from Talaq in that:

It is initiated by wife and requires husband’s consent

Khula is considered:

An irrevocable divorce

During Khula, the wife’s right to maintenance is:

Continues during iddat period only

The waiting period (iddat) after Khula is:

Three menstrual cycles or three lunar months

Khula is provided for under:

Quran, Hadith, and judicial interpretation

The Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939 primarily deals with:

Grounds for judicial divorce for Muslim women

The Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939 was enacted to:

Provide grounds for wife’s judicial divorce

Under the Act, the ground of “failure to maintain” means:

Husband’s inability to provide reasonable maintenance

The Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939 provides that a woman can seek divorce if her husband:

Has been insane for two years or more

The Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939 was enacted by:

Indian Parliament

According to the Act, a woman can seek dissolution of marriage on the ground that the husband has:

Not performed his matrimonial obligations for two years or more

Which school of Muslim law was the first to formally systematize the principles of Islamic jurisprudence?

Shafi'i

The principle of Istislah (consideration of public interest) is primarily associated with which school?

Maliki

The Hanafi school is noted for its preference for:

Use of reason and opinion in absence of clear text

Which school of Muslim law was predominantly influential in the Indian Subcontinent?

Hanafi

The Maliki school places a unique emphasis on:

Amal (custom of Medina)

The principle of Maslahah (public welfare) is most emphasized in:

Maliki school

Which school regards the Quran and Hadith as the only sources, largely rejecting Qiyas?

Hanbali

Which school was founded by a disciple of Imam Malik and played a key role in spreading his teachings?

Shafi'i

The Hanafi school permits juristic preference (Istihsan) to:

Avoid hardship and achieve equity

Which school of Muslim law originated in Medina and was named after its founder, whose students documented the practices of Medina?

Maliki

The concept of Qiyas (analogical reasoning) is most developed in:

Hanafi and Shafi'i schools

The Hanafi school of Muslim law was founded by:

Imam Abu Hanifa

The Maliki school of Muslim law primarily relies on:

Amal (practice of the people of Medina)

Under Muslim law, a child born out of wedlock can be acknowledged by the alleged father:

Only during the lifetime of the father

According to Hanafi school, acknowledgment of parentage must be:

Express and unequivocal

Which is true about the effect of acknowledgment of parentage in Muslim law?

It creates a valid legal relationship between father and child

The acknowledgment of paternity in Muslim law is governed by which principle?

Presumption of legitimacy

Under Muslim law, the acknowledgment of a child by the father can be revoked:

It cannot be revoked once made

The legal effect of acknowledgment of parentage in Muslim law primarily affects:

Inheritance rights

Under Muslim law, can a man acknowledge a child born to his wife by another man?

No, such acknowledgment is invalid

The acknowledgment of parentage under Muslim law requires:

A verbal statement or conduct indicating paternity

According to Muslim law, if a man acknowledges a child and later disputes it, the child:

Can claim inheritance rights if acknowledgment is proven

The acknowledgment of parentage is significant because it:

Recognizes the child as legitimate for all legal purposes

Under Muslim law, a valid Hiba (gift) requires:

Acceptance by the donee during the lifetime of the donor

Which is essential for the validity of Hiba under Muslim law?

The donor must have ownership of the gift at the time of gift

Under Muslim law, a Hiba made by a father to his minor son is

Valid without any restriction

A gift (Hiba) without acceptance by the donee:

Is void and ineffective

Under Muslim law, the donor can revoke a Hiba:

At any time before acceptance by the donee

In Muslim law, a gift inter vivos (during the lifetime) becomes complete when:

The donee accepts and possession is transferred

The concept of Hiba-bil-iwaz means:

A gift made for a consideration or exchange

According to Muslim law, a gift made under coercion or undue influence is:

Voidable at the option of the donor

Under Muslim law, who is the natural guardian (wali) of a minor child?

Father

Under Hanafi law, the guardian of a minor’s property is:

The father

In the absence of a father, who becomes the guardian of a minor child under Muslim law?

Paternal grandfather

Under Muslim law, the mother’s guardianship is:

Custodial only

According to Muslim law, the paternal grandfather can become guardian:

Only after the death of the father

The legal age of majority for a male under Muslim law is:

15 years

Under Muslim law, a guardian is responsible for:

Personal care and property management of the minor

Guardianship under Muslim law primarily protects:

The child’s personal welfare and property

In Muslim inheritance law, the primary source for fixed shares is:

The Quran

Under Muslim law, the widow’s share of inheritance if there are children is:

One-eighth

According to Muslim law, if a deceased leaves no direct heirs, the inheritance goes to:

Nearest agnates (residuaries)

Under Muslim law, the son’s share of inheritance is:

Twice that of the daughter

In Muslim inheritance, the doctrine of “Radd” means:

Return of the residue to fixed sharers if no residuary exists

Under Muslim law, the shares of inheritance are calculated after:

Payment of debts and funeral expenses

The Quranic verse related to the fixed shares of inheritance is found in:

Surah An-Nisa

Under Hanafi law, the mother’s share in inheritance when the deceased has children is:

One-sixth

Under Muslim law, a daughter’s share is:

Half of a son’s share

Under Muslim law, the right of pre-emption (Shufa) applies primarily to:

Sale of immovable property among co-owners or neighbors

Which persons is entitled to the right of Shufa under Muslim law?

Co-owner of the property being sold

The right of pre-emption (Shufa) must be exercised:

Before the sale is completed

Under Muslim law, a neighbor’s right of Shufa arises:

Only if the neighbor has a common wall or boundary

The right of pre-emption (Shufa) in Muslim law is based on the principle of:

Preservation of family property and rights of co-owners

Under Muslim law, which is NOT a condition for exercising Shufa?

The claimant must have prior written agreement

If the buyer refuses to sell the property to the pre-emptor, the latter may:

File a suit for possession and price

The right of Shufa is generally recognized under:

Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali schools with variations

Under Muslim law, Shufa is considered:

A proprietary right

Which is an essential step in exercising the right of Shufa?

Paying the purchase price to the buyer

The right of Shufa does NOT apply in case of:

Partition of property

Under Muslim law, a person can dispose of what portion of their property by will (Wasiyat)?

One-third of the property

According to Muslim law, the wasiyat (will) made by a Muslim:

Can be revoked anytime before death

A wasiyat can be made in favor of:

Non-heirs only

The executor of a will (Wasi) under Muslim law is:

A person appointed by the testator to carry out the will

Under Muslim law, the validity of a wasiyat depends on:

The testator’s sound mind and freedom from coercion

According to Muslim law, a will can be made:

Only during the testator’s lifetime

If the heirs consent to a will exceeding one-third, the will:

Becomes valid to the extent consented

Under Muslim law, a wasiyat is:

A discretionary gift by the testator to non-heirs up to one-third of the estate

If a Muslim dies intestate, his property is distributed according to:

Muslim inheritance law (Faraid)

The appointment of a Wasi (executor) in a will is:

Optional and depends on the testator’s wish

Under Muslim law, a wasiyat cannot be made for:

Legal heirs’ fixed shares

Under Muslim law, the wasiyat’s validity is subject to:

Being made during the testator’s lifetime

The legal position regarding a will in Muslim law was codified in:

The Indian Succession Act, 1925

Under Muslim law, the liability to maintain the wife during the marriage primarily lies on:

The husband

Maintenance under Muslim law is payable:

Even after divorce until the iddat period expires

Under Muslim law, maintenance includes:

Food, clothing, lodging, and medical expenses

A Muslim wife can claim maintenance from her husband during:

The marriage and iddat period after divorce

Under Muslim law, who is entitled to maintenance?

Wife, minor children, and divorced wife during iddat

In the absence of specific provision in the marriage contract, maintenance is:

Wife, minor children, and divorced wife during iddat

Under Muslim law, maintenance for minor children is the responsibility of:

The father

A divorced Muslim woman’s maintenance claim beyond the iddat period can be based on:

Customary law or judicial order

Under Muslim law, a wife is entitled to maintenance if she:

Is divorced and observing iddat

The maintenance payable to a wife under Muslim law is determined by:

The husband’s income and social status

Under Muslim law, if a wife is wealthy, can she claim maintenance from her husband?

Yes, husband must maintain irrespective of wife’s wealth

Under Muslim law, which type of wife is not entitled to maintenance?

A wife who refuses to live with her husband without cause

The Islamic period of iddat during which maintenance is payable is:

Three months or three menstrual cycles

In the case of Danial Latifi v. Union of India (2001), the Supreme Court held that:

Muslim women are entitled to maintenance beyond iddat under Section 125 CrPC as amended by the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986

Under Muslim law, maintenance includes:

Food, clothing, lodging, medical expenses

In Danial Latifi case, the Supreme Court held that the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986:

Does not exclude maintenance beyond iddat

The right to claim maintenance can be enforced through:

Civil courts under Section 125 CrPC