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Hindu Adoptions And Maintenance Act, 1956 SET-1
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1. The short title of the Act is:
a. Hindu Adoption Act, 1956
b. Hindu Maintenance Act, 1956
c. Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956
d. Hindu Family Act, 1956
2. The Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act was enacted in the year:
a. 1950
b. 1954
c. 1955
d. 1956
3. The Act came into force on:
a. 26th January, 1950
b. 15th August, 1947
c. 21st December, 1956
d. 1st January, 1957
4. Section 1 of the Act deals with:
a. Definitions
b. Application of Act
c. Short title and extent
d. Adoption procedure
5. Which authority enacted the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956?
a. Constituent Assembly
b. British Parliament
c. Parliament of India
d. Supreme Court
6. The Act was enacted in the _____ year of the Republic of India:
a. Fifth
b. Sixth
c. Seventh
d. Eighth
7. The primary purpose of the Act is to:
a. Regulate marriage among Hindus
b. Codify law relating to adoptions and maintenance among Hindus
c. Regulate property transfers
d. Provide criminal remedies
8. The Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 is:
a. A criminal law
b. A personal law statute
c. A constitutional law
d. A procedural law
9. The extent clause under Section 1(2) states that the Act applies to:
a. Only citizens of India
b. Whole of India
c. Only Hindus in India
d. Only adopted children
10. Section 2 of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 deals with:
a. Definitions
b. Application of Act
c. Adoption procedure
d. Maintenance provisions
11. The Act applies to a person who is Hindu by religion in any of its forms including:
a. Only Sanatanis
b. Only Arya Samaj followers
c. Virashaiva, Lingayat, Brahmo, Prarthana or Arya Samaj followers
d. Only temple-going Hindus
12. Which of the following religions are expressly covered under Section 2(1)(b)?
a. Muslims, Christians, Parsis
b. Buddhists, Jainas and Sikhs
c. Jews and Parsis
d. Only Hindus
13. The Act applies to any person who is not a Muslim, Christian, Parsi or Jew unless:
a. He is a citizen of another country
b. He proves he would not have been governed by Hindu law or custom
c. He refuses to follow Hindu customs
d. Court directs otherwise
14. A child of two Hindu parents is considered Hindu under:
a. Section 2(1)
b. Explanation (a)
c. Explanation (b)
d. Explanation (c)
15. A child of one Hindu parent is considered Hindu if:
a. He adopts Hindu religion later
b. He is brought up in the community of that parent
c. He lives in India
d. He follows Hindu rituals occasionally
16. A child whose parents is unknown but is brought up as Hindu is covered under:
a. Explanation (a)
b. Explanation (b)
c. Explanation (bb)
d. Explanation (c)
17. A convert or re-convert to Hindu, Buddhist, Jaina or Sikh religion is:
a. Not covered under the Act
b. Covered only with court approval
c. Covered under Explanation (c)
d. Covered only if born Hindu
18. Members of Scheduled Tribes are excluded from the Act unless:
a. State Government directs
b. Supreme Court directs
c. Central Government notifies otherwise
d. Parliament amends the Act
19. The term “Hindu” under this Act includes:
a. Only persons Hindu by religion
b. Only those born Hindu
c. Persons to whom the Act applies even if not Hindu by religion
d. Only converts to Hinduism
20. Section 3 of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 deals with:
a. Application of Act
b. Definitions
c. Adoption procedure
d. Maintenance rights
21. “Custom” and “usage” under Section 3 require:
a. Written documentation
b. Judicial approval
c. Continuous and uniform observance for a long time
d. Government notification
22. A custom to be valid must NOT be:
a. Ancient
b. Certain
c. Unreasonable or opposed to public policy
d. Uniform
23. A family custom will be valid only if:
a. It is registered
b. It is approved by court
c. It has not been discontinued by the family
d. It is followed by society at large
24. “Maintenance” under Section 3 includes:
a. Only food and clothing
b. Only monetary allowance
c. Food, clothing, residence, education and medical attendance and treatment
d. Only residence
25. In the case of an unmarried daughter, maintenance also includes:
a. Dowry
b. Only education expenses
c. Reasonable marriage expenses
d. No additional expenses
26. The term “minor” under the Act means a person who:
a. Is below 21 years
b. Has not completed 18 years of age
c. Is unmarried
d. Is dependent
27. For a custom to have the force of law, it must be:
a. Recent and flexible
b. Sporadically followed
c. Continuously and uniformly observed
d. None of the above
28. A custom opposed to public policy is:
a. Valid
b. Void
c. Voidable
d. Enforceable with consent
29. Which of the following is NOT part of “maintenance” in general cases?
a. Food
b. Residence
c. Marriage expenses of unmarried daughter
d. Medical treatment
30. Section 4 of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 deals with:
a. Definitions
b. Application of Act
c. Overriding effect of Act
d. Adoption capacity
31. The overriding effect under Section 4 operates:
a. Absolutely in all cases
b. Subject to express provisions of the Act
c. Only when court directs
d. Only for customs
32. Any text, rule or interpretation of Hindu law in force before the Act shall:
a. Continue unaffected
b. Be partially valid
c. Cease to have effect in matters covered by the Act
d. Apply only to customs
33. Custom or usage under Hindu law before commencement of the Act:
a. Always prevails over the Act
b. Ceases to have effect in matters provided under the Act
c. Remains fully enforceable
d. Applies only with court approval
34. Other laws in force before commencement of the Act shall:
a. Always override the Act
b. Apply only to non-Hindus
c. Cease to apply to Hindus if inconsistent with the Act
d. Continue without exception
35. The doctrine embodied in Section 4 is:
a. Doctrine of eclipse
b. Doctrine of severability
c. Doctrine of repugnancy/overriding effect
d. Doctrine of waiver
36. Section 4 applies to:
a. Only statutory laws
b. Only customs
c. Both Hindu law (texts, customs) and other laws
d. Only personal laws
37. If a pre-existing law is consistent with the Act:
a. It is void
b. It continues to apply
c. It becomes unconstitutional
d. It applies only partially
38. The expression “Save as otherwise expressly provided” means:
a. No exceptions are allowed
b. Exceptions must be implied
c. Exceptions expressly provided in the Act will prevail
d. Courts can create exceptions
39. Section 4 ensures:
a. Multiplicity of laws
b. Supremacy of customs
c. Uniform application of the Act over inconsistent prior laws
d. Judicial discretion over statutory provisions
40. Section 5 of the Act deals with:
a. Capacity to adopt
b. Regulation of adoptions
c. Conditions of maintenance
d. Guardianship
41. After commencement of the Act, adoption must be made:
a. According to custom only
b. According to court orders
c. In accordance with provisions of this Chapter
d. At the will of parties
42. An adoption made in contravention of the Act is:
a. Voidable
b. Valid
c. Void
d. Illegal but enforceable
43. A void adoption creates:
a. Full rights in adoptive family
b. Limited rights
c. No rights in adoptive family
d. Rights only for maintenance
44. A void adoption:
a. Destroys rights in natural family
b. Does not affect rights in natural family
c. Transfers property rights
d. Creates inheritance rights
45. Section 5 applies to:
a. Only Hindus adopting Hindus
b. All persons
c. Only adoptive parents
d. Only minors
46. Which of the following is correct?
a. Void adoption is valid until set aside
b. Void adoption has no legal effect
c. Void adoption requires court declaration
d. Void adoption creates partial rights
47. Rights in adoptive family arise:
a. Even in void adoption
b. Only if adoption is valid
c. Automatically
d. By custom
48. Section 6 lays down:
a. Effects of adoption
b. Requisites of valid adoption
c. Capacity of female Hindu
d. Maintenance rules
49. A valid adoption requires:
a. Only consent
b. Only capacity of adopter
c. Fulfilment of all statutory conditions
d. Registration
50. The adopter must have:
a. Capacity only
b. Right only
c. Both capacity and right
d. Neither
51. The person giving in adoption must:
a. Be a guardian only
b. Have capacity to give
c. Be a court officer
d. Be a relative
52. The person adopted must:
a. Be major
b. Be capable of being taken in adoption
c. Be married
d. Be male only
53. Which of the following is NOT a requisite?
a. Capacity of adopter
b. Capacity of giver
c. Capability of adoptee
d. Registration of adoption
54. Non-compliance with Section 6 makes adoption:
a. Voidable
b. Valid
c. Void
d. Illegal but binding
55. Section 6 applies to:
a. Only adopters
b. Only adoptees
c. Entire adoption process
d. Only courts
56. Valid adoption requires compliance with:
a. Custom only
b. Statutory conditions
c. Judicial precedents
d. Religious ceremonies only
57. Section 7 deals with:
a. Capacity of female Hindu
b. Capacity of male Hindu to adopt
c. Guardianship
d. Maintenance
58. A male Hindu must be:
a. Major only
b. Of sound mind and not a minor
c. Married
d. Wealthy
59. A male Hindu can adopt:
a. Only son
b. Only daughter
c. Son or daughter
d. Only orphan
60. If a male Hindu has a wife living, he shall adopt:
a. Without consent
b. With consent of wife
c. With court permission
d. With guardian’s consent
61. Wife’s consent is NOT required if she:
a. Is living separately
b. Is ill
c. Has renounced the world or ceased to be Hindu or is of unsound mind
d. Is unemployed
62. If a man has more than one wife, consent of:
a. Any one wife is sufficient
b. Majority of wives
c. All wives is required
d. Court decides
63. Consent of a wife may be dispensed with if:
a. She disagrees
b. She is absent
c. She falls under exceptions in proviso
d. She is minor
64. A minor male Hindu:
a. Can adopt with consent
b. Cannot adopt
c. Can adopt with court permission
d. Can adopt if married
65. Non-compliance with wife’s consent requirement makes adoption:
a. Valid
b. Void
c. Voidable
d. Irregular but valid
66. Section 8 of the Act provides that a female Hindu must be:
a. Married
b. Of sound mind and not a minor
c. Widow only
d. Above 25 years
67. A female Hindu having a living husband can adopt:
a. Freely without restriction
b. Only with consent of her husband
c. Only with court permission
d. Only with consent of her parents
68. Consent of husband is not required when he has:
a. Left the house temporarily
b. Completely and finally renounced the world
c. Changed his job
d. Become poor
69. A female Hindu can adopt without husband's consent if he:
a. Is missing
b. Has ceased to be a Hindu
c. Is unemployed
d. Is living abroad
70. Husband’s consent is not required when he:
a. Refuses arbitrarily
b. Is declared of unsound mind by a competent court
c. Is angry with wife
d. Is ill
71. If a married female Hindu adopts without required consent of husband, the adoption is:
a. Valid
b. Voidable
c. Void
d. Irregular but valid
72. “Renounced the world” implies:
a. Temporary absence
b. Joining armed forces
c. Entering into religious order abandoning worldly life
d. Going abroad
73. A minor female Hindu:
a. Can adopt
b. Cannot adopt
c. Can adopt if married
d. Can adopt with guardian’s consent
74. Declaration of unsoundness of mind of husband must be made by:
a. Family members
b. Panchayat
c. Competent court
d. Medical officer
75. Under Section 9(1), who can give a child in adoption?
a. Any relative
b. Only father, mother or guardian
c. Only court
d. Any adult Hindu
76. Under Section 9(2), the father and mother have:
a. Unequal rights
b. Equal right to give a child in adoption
c. Only father has right
d. Only mother has right
77. A father cannot give a child in adoption without:
a. Court permission
b. Consent of guardian
c. Consent of mother
d. Consent of relatives
78. Consent of the other parent is not required if such parent:
a. Is unemployed
b. Has renounced the world
c. Lives separately
d. Is abroad
79. Which of the following is NOT a valid exception to requirement of consent of other parent?
a. Ceased to be Hindu
b. Declared of unsound mind by court
c. Renounced the world
d. Temporary illness
80. Guardian can give a child in adoption when:
a. One parent is alive
b. Both parents are alive
c. Both parents are dead or disqualified
d. Child is above 18
81. A guardian requires whose permission to give a child in adoption?
a. Panchayat
b. Police
c. Court
d. Family members
82. Before granting permission, the court must ensure:
a. Financial benefit of guardian
b. Welfare of the child
c. Consent of neighbors
d. Religious customs only
83. The court shall consider the wishes of the child:
a. Always
b. Never
c. Depending on age and understanding
d. Only if parents are alive
84. “Guardian” under explanation includes:
a. Only natural guardian
b. Only testamentary guardian
c. Person having care of child including court-appointed guardian
d. Any relative
85. Under Section 10, a person to be adopted must belong to which religion?
a. Any religion
b. Hindu
c. Muslim
d. Christian
86. A person who has already been adopted:
a. Can be adopted again
b. Cannot be adopted again
c. Can be adopted with court permission
d. Can be adopted after majority
87. A married person is generally:
a. Capable of being adopted
b. Not capable of being adopted
c. Capable only with court order
d. Always capable
88. A married person can be adopted if:
a. Parents agree
b. Court permits
c. Custom or usage permits
d. Guardian agrees
89. A person who has completed 15 years of age:
a. Can always be adopted
b. Cannot be adopted
c. Can be adopted if custom or usage permits
d. Can be adopted with consent of court only
90. The general age limit for adoption is:
a. 18 years
b. 21 years
c. 15 years
d. 16 years
91. Which of the following is NOT a condition under Section 10?
a. Must be Hindu
b. Must not be married
c. Must not have completed 15 years
d. Must be male
92. Exception to age restriction is based on:
a. Court discretion
b. Consent of guardian
c. Custom or usage applicable to parties
d. Financial condition
93. Exception to marital status restriction is based on:
a. Religion
b. Custom or usage
c. Court order
d. Age
94. Section 10 primarily deals with:
a. Capacity to adopt
b. Persons who may be adopted
c. Effects of adoption
d. Guardianship
95. For adoption of a son, the adoptive parent must not have:
a. Any child
b. A Hindu son, son’s son or son’s son’s son living
c. A daughter
d. A married son
96. For adoption of a daughter, the adoptive parent must not have:
a. Any child
b. A son
c. A Hindu daughter or son’s daughter living
d. A grandson
97. The condition in clause (i) applies to:
a. Only adoptive father
b. Only adoptive mother
c. Both adoptive father and mother
d. Only guardian
98. If a male adopts a female child, the adoptive father must be:
a. 18 years older
b. 21 years older
c. 25 years older
d. 16 years older
99. If a female adopts a male child, the adoptive mother must be:
a. 18 years older
b. 21 years older
c. 25 years older
d.16 years older
100. The same child may be adopted:
a. By two persons jointly
b. By multiple persons simultaneously
c. Only by one person at a time
d. By relatives together
101. A valid adoption requires:
a. Only court registration
b. Only religious ceremony
c. Actual giving and taking with intent to transfer family
d. Written agreement only
102. In case of abandoned child, giving and taking is from:
a. Biological parents
b. Government
c. Place or family where child is brought up
d. Court only
103. The ceremony of dattahomam is:
a. Mandatory
b. Optional and not essential
c. Required only for sons
d. Required by court
104. Which of the following is NOT required for valid adoption?
a. Age difference condition
b. Absence of certain existing children
c. Dattahomam ceremony
d. Actual giving and taking
105. Upon adoption, an adopted child is deemed to be the child of:
a. Biological parents only
b. Adoptive parents for all purposes
c. Court
d. Guardian
106. The effect of adoption operates from:
a. Date of birth
b. Date of court order
c. Date of adoption
d. Date of registration
107. After adoption, ties with the biological family are:
a. Strengthened
b. Partially retained
c. Completely severed
d. Suspended
108. After adoption, relations with adoptive family are:
a. Temporary
b. Created and recognized legally
c. Optional
d. Subject to court approval
109. An adopted child is prohibited from marrying:
a. Any person of adoptive family
b. Any person of biological family
c. A person whom he/she could not have married in the family of birth
d. Any person chosen by parents
110. Property vested in the child before adoption:
a. Is extinguished
b. Transfers to adoptive parents
c. Continues to vest in the child
d. Is divided
111. Property held before adoption remains subject to:
a. No obligations
b. Only tax liability
c. Obligations including maintenance of relatives in birth family
d. Court permission
112. Adoption divests vested estate of another person:
a. Always
b. Sometimes
c. Never
d. Only with court order
113. Section 13 deals with adoptive parents’ right to dispose of property:
a. Completely restricts it
b. Partially restricts it
c. Does not deprive it
d. Transfers it to adopted child
114. Adoptive parents can dispose of their property:
a. Only after court permission
b. Only after adoption deed
c. By transfer inter vivos or by will
d. Only by gift
115. The right of adoptive parents to dispose of property is:
a. Absolute in all cases
b. Subject to any agreement to the contrary
c. Subject to child’s consent
d. Subject to court approval
116. “Transfer inter vivos” means:
a. Transfer after death
b. Transfer between living persons
c. Transfer by court
d. Transfer by inheritance
117. Section 14 primarily deals with:
a. Capacity to adopt
b. Persons giving adoption
c. Determination of adoptive mother
d. Effects of adoption
118. Subsequent spouse of adopter becomes:
a. Adoptive parent
b. Step-parent
c. Natural parent
d. Guardian
119. A valid adoption once made can be:
a. Cancelled by adoptive parents
b. Cancelled by court anytime
c. Not cancelled at all
d. Cancelled by agreement
120. Under Section 15, who can cancel a valid adoption?
a. Adoptive parents
b. Biological parents
c. Any person
d. No one
121. An adopted child can renounce his/her status and return to birth family:
a. Yes, anytime
b. Only with court permission
c. No, not permitted
d. Only after majority
122. Which of the following is correct regarding valid adoption?
a. It is revocable
b. It is voidable
c. It is irrevocable
d. It is temporary
123. Section 15 ensures:
a. Flexibility in adoption
b. Permanency of adoption
c. Court control over adoption
d. Rights of guardian
124. A valid adoption can be set aside:
a. By mutual consent
b. By filing suit
c. Under no circumstances
d. By panchayat
125. The adopted child’s status after valid adoption is:
a. Temporary
b. Conditional
c. Permanent
d. Revocable
126. Return of adopted child to birth family is:
a. Allowed
b. Allowed with consent
c. Not allowed
d. Allowed after 18 years
127. Section 15 applies only when adoption is:
a. Void
b. Voidable
c. Valid
d. Irregular
128. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. Valid adoption cannot be cancelled
b. Adopted child cannot renounce status
c. Adoption can be reversed by court
d. Adoption creates permanent status
129. Under Section 16, a registered document relating to adoption creates:
a. Conclusive proof
b. No presumption
c. Presumption of valid adoption
d. Irrebuttable proof
130. The presumption under Section 16 arises when the document is:
a. Notarized
b. Registered under law
c. Oral
d. Unwritten
131. The document must be signed by:
a. Court only
b. Adoptive parents only
c. Person giving and person taking the child
d. Guardian only
132. The presumption under Section 16 is:
a. Absolute
b. Irrebuttable
c. Rebuttable
d. Optional
133. The court shall presume compliance with provisions of the Act:
a. Only if parties agree
b. Unless and until disproved
c. Only after inquiry
d. Only in civil cases
134. Section 16 applies when document:
a. Mentions adoption vaguely
b. Purports to record an adoption
c. Is oral evidence
d. Is unregistered
135. Who can disprove the presumption?
a. Only court
b. Any interested party
c. Only adoptive parents
d. Only biological parents
136. The burden to disprove valid adoption lies on:
a. Court
b. Person challenging adoption
c. Adoptive parents
d. Guardian
137. Which of the following is essential for presumption?
a. Court decree
b. Registered document signed by both parties
c. Oral declaration
d. Religious ceremony
138. Section 16 primarily deals with:
a. Capacity to adopt
b. Effects of adoption
c. Evidentiary presumption regarding adoption
d. Cancellation of adoption
139. Under Section 17, receiving payment in consideration of adoption is:
a. Permitted
b. Permitted with court approval
c. Prohibited
d. Optional
140. Giving payment for adoption is:
a. Valid
b. Allowed if customary
c. Prohibited
d. Allowed if minor
141. Section 17 prohibits:
a. Only receiving payment
b. Only giving payment
c. Both giving and receiving payment or reward
d. Only monetary payment
142. The term “reward” under Section 17 includes:
a. Only cash
b. Only gifts
c. Any form of consideration
d. Only property
143. Punishment for contravention may include:
a. Only fine
b. Only imprisonment
c. Imprisonment or fine or both
d. Death penalty
144. Maximum imprisonment under Section 17 is:
a. 3 months
b. 6 months
c. 1 year
d. 2 years
145. Prosecution under Section 17 requires:
a. Court permission
b. Consent of parties
c. Previous sanction of State Government or authorized officer
d. Police approval
146. Without sanction, prosecution is:
a. Valid
b. Void
c. Irregular but valid
d. Optional
147. Section 17 aims to prevent:
a. Illegal custody
b. Commercialization of adoption
c. Guardianship disputes
d. Property disputes
148. Which of the following is correct?
a. Payment is allowed in special cases
b. Reward is allowed with consent
c. Any consideration for adoption is prohibited
d. Only cash payments are prohibited
149. Under Section 18(1), a Hindu wife is entitled to maintenance:
a. Only after divorce
b. Only if unemployed
c. During her lifetime
d. Only after court order
150. A Hindu wife can claim maintenance:
a. Only if married after the Act
b. Only if married before the Act
c. Whether married before or after the Act
d. Only if registered marriage
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