CRIMINAL LAW
Time: Three Hours - Maximum Marks: 200
Instructions for candidates:
1. Attempt ALL the questions and in the same order in which they appear in the question paper.
2. Marks for individual questions are indicated against each question.
3. Support all your answers with relevant provisions and case law.
4. No extra answer sheet will be provided.
Q1. a) Z submitted a written complaint to the local police station claiming to be a victim of domestic violence at the hands of her husband 'Y' and his relatives. She also alleged that 'Y' is having an extramarital affair. A Daily Diary Report was entered based on her complaint, but the police refused to lodge an FIR, without conducting a preliminary inquiry into the allegations. Is the police justified in adopting the said procedure? Is it mandatory for the police to lodge an FIR in the above scenario? Answer with reference to the guidelines in Lalita Kumari v State of UP AIR 2014 SC 187. (10 Marks)
b) Discuss the provisions of Section 216 & 217 of CrPC, focusing on the court's power to alter or add any charge during a trial, and corresponding rights of the accused. How do these sections ensure a fair trial, and balance with the protection of rights of the accused? (10 Marks)
c) Describe the procedure laid down in the CrPC, for the trial of an accused who is a lunatic or of unsound mind. (10 Marks)
d) Discuss the principle that granting bail is the rule and rejection is the exception. (10 Marks)
Q2. a) Jaswant suffered from frequent bouts of schizophrenia and was undergoing medical treatment for his condition. One day, a quarrel erupted between Jaswant and his wife Reena. In a fit of rage, Jaswant stabbed his wife multiple times, resulting in her death. Jaswant later confessed to the police, claiming that he was delusional at the time of the crime, A neighbors passing by the house saw Jaswant siting in its veranda covered in blood and screaming that he Pad killed his wife. Another neighbour noted that since the morning of the crime in question, Jaswant had been acting strangely and seemed delusional. Whether Jaswant can be held liable for murdering his wife or his defence of schizophrenia would be sufficient establish hold liable . (15 Marks)
b) Write short notes on:
i) Power of the police to attach property U/s 102 CrPC
ii) Withdrawal from Prosecution (5 Marks)
c) Distinguish between the following:
i) Inquiry and Investigation
ii) Police custody and Judicial custody
iii) Summons case and warrant case. (5 Marks)
Q3. a) Hira' and 'Kiara, with intent to abort the foetus of Zina ‘Ankur’ wife, administered certain abortive pills, which had been provided to them by ‘Ankur’ Resultantly, Zing was rendered unconscious for some time. After she regained consciousness, it was discovered that she was not pregnant. Can hira', 'Kiara', and 'Ankur', be held guilty of any offence under IP. (10 Marks)
b) A comments upon a book authored by 'B' and published by 'S' on a TV debate, "I am not at all surprised that 'B's' book is senseless and vulgar because 'B' is a man of doubtful integrity and immoral character". Do these remarks amount to defamation? (5 Marks)
c) Section 60 of the Evidence Act states that oral evidence must be direct, given by a person, who has seen or perceived a fact. Hearsay evidence is, thus, excluded. However, Section 32 thereof, provides an exception,
Scenario: A man, before dying makes a statement: "A attacked me."
Does this statement qualify as a dying declaration under Section 32 of the Evidence Act? Is it admissible in court despite the general prohibition against hearsay evidence in Section 60 of the Evidence Act?
What factors would the court consider to determine the reliability and authenticity of the dying declaration in above scenario? (10 Marks)
d) In what circumstances, can the accused be released on hail under Section 167(2) CrPC. Can the bail so granted be subsequently cancelled on merits? Elucidate the law on the point. (15 Marks)
Q4. a) In 2008 Prem while interning with an NGO in Rani's village, fell in love with her. Anticipating familial disapproval, Prem relocated to Mumbai after securing a stable employment in an MNC. In 2009, at the age of 18, Rant eloped with Prem. Despite Prem's decision not to formalize their union due to concerns about losing his share in his father's property, Rani devoted herself to managing their household. By 2023, Rani and Prem had been in a live-in relationship for fifteen years, although the final year was marked by significant turmoil, ultimately leading to their separation when Prem Abruptly ended their relationship and married a woman chosen by his family. Now, Rani faces the legal challenge of proving her entitlement to maintenance as a woman in a live-in relationship, while Prem vehemently denies any obligations towards her. Discuss the law of maintenance under Section 125 of CrPC with particular focus on whether Rand who was in a live-in relationship with Prem in the above circumstances would be entitled to maintenance from Prem. (10 Marks)
b)’A’ a snake charmer publicly exhibited a venomous snake whose fangs he knew, had not been extracted. To demonstrate his skill and dexterity, and without intending to cause harm, A placed the snake on the head of a spectator, who, in an attempt to push the snake off was bitten and subsequently died. What offence, if any, under II°C has been committed by ‘A’ . (10 Marks)
c) In a poorly illuminated interrogation room at a police station, Inspector Ravi Singh, contacts intense interrogation of Raju, a lower caste laborer accused of rape and murder. Despite Raju persistently denying the allegations, Inspector Singh subjects him to relentless questioning for over 15 hours, without any respite for food or toilet breaks. Additionally, Inspector Singh we Raw of a hostile mob outside the police station seeking vengeance and that Raju’s family has find the village to escape the angry mob/feeling scared, fatigued, anil emotionally drained, Raju succumbs to the pressure and writes a confession. Analyze the admissibility of Raju's confession. (10 Marks)
d) In a high-profile murder case, the police seek to use narco-analysis, polygraph tests, and brain-mapping techniques on the prime suspect, who denies involvement despite circumstantial evidence suggesting otherwise. The suspect's lawyer challenges the admissibility and ethicality of these investigative techniques, citing legal precedents and human rights concerns. Discuss the legal provisions and judicial guidelines governing the use of narco-analysis, polygraph tests, and brain-mapping in criminal investigations in India. (10 Marks)
Q5. a) Raja teased Vijay's sister while she was in the fields. Enraged, Vijay, armed with a sword, went to Raja's house and began to verbally abuse Raja's mother and his sister. He also threatened to forcibly take away Raja's sister. The women got frightened and retreated inside a room. Raja's mother came out begging forgiveness. In response, Vijay struck her neck with a sword, causing her instant death. In the given circumstances, whether Vijay can be held liable for murder? Does the fact that the death occurred in a fit of rage exempt Vijay from being convicted of murder? (10 Marks)
b) Discuss the scope of 'consent' in the context of rape laws in India. How have recent amendments and landmark judgments influenced the understanding and application of 'consent in rape cases? (10 Marks)
c) Section 27 of the Evidence Act deals with discovery of a fact by a person in Police Custody. If the accused makes a statement and then leads the police to a place and produces some incriminating evidence/article, can such statement be treated as a confessional statement that leads to discovery of weapon of offence and can it also be used against the accused during the trial?
Statement 1: The Accused charged with murder states: "I have murdered 'A' with an Axe. I have hidden the axe in my haystack. I will produce it."
Statement 2: The Accused states: "I would produce the axe used for murder and I will also produce my blood-stained clothes."
Discuss the admissibility of above statements, and the extent to which such information received from accused may be proved. (10 Marks)
d) In a robbery case, the court is assessing the admissibility and weight of evidences to determine culpability. The prosecution alleges that the accused, (Manveer, forcibly entered Mrs Kohli's house on December 12, 2012 and stole valuable items at knifepoint. During an identification parade, Mrs Kohli identified manveer as the perpetrator. She recognized him based on a distinctive tattoo on his left arm and neck, and his unique accent Discuss the relevance of above facts in the robbery case. Evaluate the admissibility and significance of Mrs Kohli's identification evidence, including her observation of tattoo on the accused's arm and recognition of his unique accent, with reference to relevant legal provisions and case laws. (10 Marks)
CIVIL LAW I
Q1. a) 'X' being owner of 10 acres of land, entered into an agreement for sale of the same with "Y" while giving description of specific khasra numbers, Earnest money was paid by through 15 M bank transaction. However, subsequently, refused to get the sale deed executed and registered. "Y" sends a notice to . X replies that the agreement is unenforceable because the description of land mentioned in the agreement pertains to 99 acres only. Decide the remedies available to if the description in the agreement is qua 09 acres of land) . (15 Marks)
Avinash, with the intention to sell his laptop keeps his status on WhatsApp with the following narrative:
"Refurbished 2 years old HP Pro Notebook, available for sale at Rx 20,000/- only Anyone to purchase the same can call me and confirm their acceptance by depositing Rs. 2000 in my Google Pay. My WhatsApp number my Google Pay member. Offer is valid for next 2 days only.
A) Relying on the above status, Satyajit calls Avinash and expresses his desire to purchase the same at a given price and promises to deposit Rs 20000 in Google Pay, however, he does not deposit the same.
B) Watching the status, Nishikant only replies with a Thumb Emoji to the WhatsApp status of Avinash and deposits Rs. 1000 in Avinash's account through Google Pay and shares the screenshot immediately with Avinash.
In light of the above:
(i) Evaluate the validity of acceptance given by Satyajit.
(ii) Whether Thumb-Up emoji given in reply to the status of Avinash be considered as valid acceptance? If so, decide the validity of acceptance given by Nishikant. X . (10 Marks)
c) "Possession is s the nine-tenth point of law" is one of the classic jurisprudential principles of property law. This classic principle is found to a greater extent reflected under section 6 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 dealing with suit by person dispossessed of immovable property. Elucidate. Differentiate between Section 5 and Section 6 of Specific Relief Act. (15 Marks)
Q2. a) Can the Civil court entertain the suit for declaration that a decision given by an authority tribunal of limited jurisdiction is void and illegal on the ground that no opportunity of hearing was given to the plaintiff though the jurisdiction of the under the relevant statute? Discuss. (10 Marks)
b) Mr. Arya enters into a contract with Ms. Lohitha who is one of the famous jewelers in making antique jewelry. Ms. Lohitha made one designer piece for Mr. Arya costing Rupees 1 Crore and he paid & 50 lakhs as advance for the same. After making the Necklace Ms. Lolitha posted the picture in her Facebook account. She received the comments that this is the work for life time and the design is exquisite which would not be made again. Some of her customers offered higher price to purchase it. Mr. Arya after looking at the post by Ms. Lolitha realized that she was trying to sell the necklace to another person at a higher price. fr. Arya approaches you for legal advice as to what kind of injunction order can he seek. (10 Marks)
c) Ms. Riya was looking for purchasing a property in Amritsar She came across few online real estate platforms. Mr. Virendra and Ms. Riya connected through one of the online real estate platforms as Mr. Virendra wanted to sell his property. They both entered into an agreement for the sale of the property through the online real estate platform. Mails were exchanged between the parties to discuss the terms and conditions of the agreement to sell. On finalising the terms and conditions of the agreement, both the parties digitally signed the agreement with Mt. Riya making down payment of 2 Lakhs into Mr Vijendra's bank account. After 3 months Afr. Ma virendra backed out of the deal, claiming he had never agreed to the terms. Me Riva decided to Mr. Virendra for breach of contract and sought a specific performance to enforce the agreement. Whether the electronic records are relevant and material to the dispute in question. Discuss the provisions of Section 65A and 65B the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 in light of the judgements of Supreme Court. (10 Marks)
d) Ms. Sara obtains a money decree against mr. Hukum from the court. Mr. Hukum fails to 2016 the decreed amount within the specified period. Subsequently, Aft. Sara files an execution petition before the court, seeking to execute the decree by the sale of Mr. Hukum's property, However, the said property of Mr. Hukum falls within the jurisdiction of another district in what manner can the decree be executed?) (10 Marks)
Q3 a) Reena married Sham in September 1963, The marriage was dissolved in May 1964 and she remarried in June 1963. A son was born to her during the subsistence of her second marriage in September 1964 (It transpired that her second husband had access to her during the subsistence of her first marriage. On the death of Steam in 1970, the child laid a claim to his estate. In a support, Reema deposed that he was begotten from the loins of Sham. Evidence was led to prove N.R that the deceased Sham treated the child as his son. The other claimants to the estate of the deceased Sham put up a defence that the child was from the second husband and relied upon Section 112 of the Indian Evidence Net, 1872. Decide. (10 Marks)
b) Write short notes on
i) Child witness
ii) Circumstantial evidence. (10 Marks)
c) Mr Saloman purchases 1000 Cement Bags from Mr. Gangoi. As per the agreement Mr Saloman has to make the payment on 10th May. 2024 and Mr. Gangoi needs to supply the cement bugs to Mr. Salome on 11th May. 2024 Considering the distance of the place of delivery Me Gangoi hands over the Cement bags M/s Avni Transportation Services on 9th May 2024.on 10th May. 2024. Mr Saloman fails to make the payment. Now Mr. Gangoi wants to stop the delivery of cement bags to Mr. Saloman. Explain the rights of After of above facts with relevant judicial pronouncements. (10 Marks)
d) The following are two illustrations necessitating a particular remedy as provided in the Specific Relief Act, 1963. Read the illustrations carefully and answer which specific relief suits the best interest of the aggrieved party. Discuss.
i. Arvind is constructing his house. Midway, it is found that the construction is creating obstruction in the passage to his neighbour's house. His neighbour brings this to his attention but Arvind does not pay any heed and continues with the construction.
ii. Dr. Mukesh who is medical advisor to Mr. Satish, threatens to publish certain communications between them showing that Mr. Satish has led an immoral life. (10 Marks)
Q4. a) Amar, a resident of Delhi, allegedly executed a Will a Delhi bequeathing the food situated at Sonipat to one of his sons Jaydeep. He died leaving behind two sons, Jaydeep and Premdeep. Premdeep wants to institute a suit for declaration that the said Will is bogus and not genuine. Premdeep is resident of Hisar, jaydeep is resident of Sirsa. At what place the suit can be instituted? Explain with relevant provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908? (10 Marks)
b) Under what circumstances a plaint can be rejected? Whether the grounds for rejection of the plaint enumerated in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 are exhaustive? What are the remedies available to the party in the event the plaint is rejected? (10 Marks)
c) Substantive questions of law are required to be framed and answered while deciding Regular Second Appeal, Discuss the same in the light of the provisions of Punjab Courts Act and judgment passed by Hon'ble Supreme Court in Pankajakshi (Dead) Through L.Rs Vs. Chandrika and others UR 2016 SC 1213. (10 Marks)
d) Explain the Right of tenant and liabilities of landlord in respect of certain amenities to be provided under Haryana Urban (Control of Rent and Eviction) Act, 1973. support your answer with relevant case Law. (10 Marks)
Q5.a) Explain the instances of contracts with respect to online markets. Do you think, the Indian Contract Act, 1872, which is an older legislation is sufficient to govern E-contracts, which are comparatively of modern origin? Substantiate your views. (10 Marks)
b) Anwar is a seller of antique leather goods. Bali buys a bag for 3.3 lakhs based on the poster outside the store that claims "Genuine leather antiques sold here. Bali after purchasing the bug gets it tested by a professional and finds that it is not made of genuine leather. What recourse does Bali have under the Indian contract Act, 1872. (10 Marks)
c) Mirchi is a partnership firm consisting of Farfalle, Rigoti, Fusili who are running a chain of restaurants exclusively serving South Last Asian cuisine (single cuisine only) in a metropolitan city. The partners take pride in their achievements of past 10 years. They want expand it to other parts of the city. Rigoti is tasked with identifying an appropriate place in the New Metropolis area of the city which has recently started bathing with economic activity Three months later farfalle and Fasili pet to know form a food blogger that a multi-cuisine restaurant named Chilli is serving great South East Asian food in the New Metropolis. Upon visiting 'chilli' farFalle and fusili are suprised to see Rigoti, running the said resturant. Upon being questioned Rigoti conveniently ignores their question in respect of 'Chilli'. Farfalle and Fusili send a notice to Rigoti to cease and desist from operating 'chilli' and instead handover 'chilli' to them. The notice also mentions that out of their mutual friendship they are ready to spare Rigoti from account of profits earned by him at Chilli', but they just want him to quit the 'Mirchi as well. Advise Rigoti about his legal remedies. (10 Marks)
d) Mr. Anand, in dire need of money owing to medical contingency, offers his newly purchased car to Mr. Bhasker at ₹ 20,000/-. The market price of the car is ₹ 4,50,000/-. Mr. Bhasker accepts the offer and on the same day, he makes a payment of ₹ 20,000/- to Mr. Anand and delivery of the car is given by Mr. Anand to Mr Bhasker. One hour after the delivery of the car, one car dealer approaches Mr. Anand offering him 3,00,000/- for the same car. Now Mr. Anand is under repentance as he has already sold his car much below the market price, he asks Mr. Bhasker to give back his car and also shows his readiness to return the amount of 20,000/- received by him. Mr. Bhasker refuses to do so. Decide the validity of the transaction which took place between Mr. Anand and Mr. Bhasker. Can Mr. Bhasker justify his refusal to give back the car to Mr. Anand? (10 Marks)
CIVIL LAW-II
Time: Three Hours - Maximum Marks: 200
Instructions for candidates:
1. Attempt ALL the questions and in the same order in which they appear in the question paper.
2. Marks for Individual questions are indicated against each question.
3. Support all your answers with relevant provisions and case law.
4. No extra answer sheet will be provided.
Q1. a) Ramesh and Anju were married for several years; they are now going through a contentious divorce. After the birth of their child, Anju quit her job. Ramesh alleges that Anju's decision to stay unemployed is intentional. Anju, on the other hand, claims that she quit her job to take care of their child. Since Anju, is unemployed, she seeks maintenance from Ramesh under Section 18 of Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956. What factors will the court consider in determining whether Anju is entitled to maintenance, and whether Ramesh's claim of Anju's intentional unemployment is a valid justification to object to Anju's claim? (10 Marks)
b) Ravi is an IT professional while Priya is a doctor. Ravi deliberately provides inaccurate information about his finances to impress Priya's rich family, during their marriage negotiations. Post-marriage, Priya discovers the deception, leading to a profound sense of betrayal and financial strain. How does the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 address marriages where vital ad and significantly impacts the dynamics of the marriage including the voluntary consent of the parties involved? (10 Marks)
C) A female Hindu dies intestate leaving behind her brother and her husband's brother. While citing the provisions of Hindu Succession Act, 1956 decide:
i) Devolution of her property self-acquired property.
ii) Devolution of her property that she received from her husband. (10 Marks)
d) Father died in the year 1983 leaving behind three sons and one daughter. Their sons continue to occupy the property whereas the daughter is married. In the year 2022, she decides to seek partition of the ancestral/coparcenary property. The sons contend that there was an oral partition in the year 1990 and therefore the daughter cannot get any right in the property. In the light of Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma, AIR 2020 SC 3717, decide whether daughter has any merit in her claim. (10 Marks)
Q2. a) If a person is suffering from a legal disability, can he file a suit after the legal disability Ceases to exist? If so, what is the prescribed period of Limitation? Cite the relevant provisions of the Indian Limitation Act, 1963. (10 Marks)
b) "Impotency can be proved by medical examination or by the conduct of the parties after their marriage or it can be established even by the uncorroborated testimony of the petitioner if the same is plausible.” Discuss this statement in the light of various judicial pronouncements of the Supreme Court of India. (10 Marks)
c) The plaintiff filed a suit on 01.01.2015. The summons were served on the defendant on 01-06-2015. The defendant filed a written statement on 20.08.2015. The defendant raised the defence of set-off. The period of limitation qua the recovery of amount sought to be set-off for the defendant expired on 01.06.2015. Whether the defence of set-off raised by the defendant would be admissible? (10 Marks)
d) A Muslim man cohabited with a Muslim lady on the promise of marriage. Later the lady claimed the status of a wife and asserted that there was an offer from the husband to marry her and the cohabitation amounted to acceptance from her side. Decide the validity of the claim of marriage and discuss the essential requisites of marriage under Muslim law. (10 Marks)
Q3. a) Anil executed a mortgage deed in favor of a bank for a loan, but the deed was not registered. Upon default, the bank sought to enforce the terms/conditions of the mortgage. Discuss the enforceability of the unregistered mortgage deed and the legal recourse available to the bank under The Registration Act, 1908. (10 Marks)
b) Sumit and Anita were married in 2004 according to Hindu rituals and customs. Six years later, a joint petition for divorce by mutual consent was filed by them under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. About seven months after filing of the petition, Sumit alone moved the court and pressed his application for divorce. A notice was sent to the wife and on the request of both the parties, the case was adjourned. There were several adjournments thereafter and unsuccessful attempts were made by the court for bringing about a reconciliation between the parties. However, since the efforts were in vain, Anita withdrew her consent for mutual divorce, and sought dismissal of the petition, which prayer remained pending for appropriate orders of the Court. Sumit, strongly objected to the same and argued that she could not withdraw her consent after expiry of six months period. Thereafter, Sumit remarried. After learning about the second marriage of Sumit, Anita filed a civil case for declaring the second marriage as illegal and void. Decide? (10 Marks)
c) "Once adopted is always adopted" Discuss the provisions of Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 in the light of the above statement. (10 Marks)
d) The word 'after' used in Section 6 (a) The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 does give an impression that the mother can be considered to be the natural guardian of the minor, only after the life-time of the father. If the said section is interpreted as such, whether, the same can be termed unconstitutional being violative of gender equality. Discuss the meaning and interpretation given by the Supreme Court of India to the word 'after' in Section 6 (a) of The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956. (10 Marks)
Q4. a) Joint Hindu Family consisting of Prahlad his wife Jayanti, four children, 'A', 'B', 'C' and 'D' aged 29 years, 27 years, 21 years and 14 years respectively was owner of owner of 10 acres of land situated in village Ramgarh, District Una. In the year 2023, unfortunately, Prahlad, the Karta died. The property was inherited by the remaining members, including his widow and four children. The family decides to shift to Chandigarh and in order to purchase a house in Chandigarh, it is unanimously decided to sell the land, so as to generate funds. (10 acres of the inherited land is jointly sold by the widow and all four children to 'X' for a sum of 40 lakhs by a registered sale deed. In March, 2024, the family purchases a house in Chandigarh with the sale proceeds. All the members jointly start residing in the said house. In May, 2024, 'D', the youngest son of Prahlad raises a dispute stating since he is a minor and no permission for sale of the inherited land was taken from the Court nor was any guardian appointed, thus, the said sale to 'X' was void to the extent of his share. 'D' serves a legal notice upon :X: Explain whether the claim raised is sustainable keeping in view the provisions of Hindu Minority anal Guardianship Act, 1956. (15 Marks)
b) Rakesh and his wife Rekha adopted Sam fulfilling all necessary formalities, according Hindu rites and ceremonies, on 20.01.1955 the adoption deed was duly registered Sometime later, upon the death of Rakesh, Sam and Rekha, his adoptive mother, inherited the properties belonging to Rakesh. Subsequently, because of some differences between the two regarding the management of those properties, Rekha wanted to alienate them. Sam, realizing what was in store for him, filed a petition for partition of the properties, which was challenged by Rekha, who questioned the very validity of Sam's adoption since he was basing his claim for partition on the same. Consequently, she contended, among other things. that her late husband. Rakesh had not taken her consent while adopting Sam. More importantly, it was contended that, since the adoption was prior to the commencement of the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956, its validity must be determined on the basis of the traditional principles practiced by the Hindu community prior to the enactment of the said legislation. Decide the validity of adoption, both prior to and after the enactment of the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance act, 1956
c) On 13.11.2008, Madhu took a loan of & 75000/- from Sunil. He paid & 15,000/- to him on 31st August 2011 towards partial payment of loan. Despite a demand being raised, Madhu failed to pay the remaining amount, Subsequently, Sunil filed a suit for recovery from Madhu but after the expiry of 2 years from the date of part payment. Discuss whether the said part payment can be treated as an acknowledgment? (10 Marks)
Q5 a. 'A' executed a sale document of his house in Delhi outside India on 02.01.2024 respecting his house in Delhi. He came to India on 06. 06.2024 and presented the document for registration. Can the Sub-Registrar accept the said document for registration? If registered, from which date the said document would operate. (10 Marks)
b), 'A' husband who is medical practitioner was ill-treating his wife, and committing atrocities upon her. He would often rape her. Resultantly, she left her matrimonial home and moved to her parental house. She filed a divorce petition on the ground of marital rape before the Family Court. A filed a petition for restitution of conjugal rights. 'A' contended that marital rape is not recognised in Indian Courts and her divorce petition is not maintainable. Decide the divorce and restitution of conjugal rights petitions filed by the parties. (10 Marks)
c) Write a short note on the concept of Iddat and the validity of a marriage with a woman undergoing Iddat with relevant case laws. (10 Marks)
d) Anand Kumar died leaving behind his widow Basanti; a son Swapan Kumar, Charulatha widow of a predeceased son Kishore Kumar, Smitha, Ramesh, Satish and Shriya- the widow, two sons and daughter respectively of another predeceased son Himesh Kumar; a daughter Shilpa Devi and Sangeet, Swapna and Sudha- the son and two daughters of a predeceased daughter Basundhara Devi. Anand Kumar has left behind a property worth 50 lakhs. Divide the property and appropriate the share to each heir according to the relevant provisions of Hindu Succession Act, 1956. (10 Marks)
ENGLISH
Time: Three Hours - Maximum Marks: 200
Notes:
1. Attempt all questions in the same order in which they appear in the question paper.
2. Marks for individual questions are indicated against each question.
3. No extra answer sheet will be provided.
Q1. Write an essay on any one of the following topics in about 1000-1100 words:
i) India: A Vibrant Electoral Democracy
ii) Judiciary and Indian Democracy iii) Criminals as Public representatives
iv) Mental Health Crisis: A new Epidemic in the Making
v) The 70-hour Work Week Debate: Its Implications (100 Marks)
Q2. Make sentences using the following words:
i) obscure ii) cognitive iii) laconic iv) voluble
v) reminisce vi) slack vii) concentric viii) deferential
ix) incisive x) eloquent (25 Marks)
Q3. Make précis of the following passage in about one-third of its original length, and also assign a suitable title to it:
Trees contribute to the environment by providing oxygen, improving air quality. conserving water, preserving soil and supporting wildlife. During the process of photosynthesis. trees absorb carbon dioxide and produce the oxygen we breathe. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, "One acre of forest absorbs six tons of carbon dioxide and puts out four tons of oxygen. This is enough to meet the annual needs of 18 people." Trees, shrubs and turf also filter air by removing dust and absorbing other pollutants like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. After trees intercept unhealthy particles, rain washes them to the ground. Trees control climate by moderating the effects of the sun, rain and wind. Leaves absorb and filter the sun's radiant energy, keeping things cool in summer. Trees also preserve warmth by providing a screen from harsh wind. In addition to influencing wind speed and direction, they shield us from the downfall of rain, sleet and hail. Trees also lower the air temperature and reduce the heat intensity of the greenhouse effect by maintaining low levels of carbon dioxide. Both above and below ground, trees are essential to the eco-systems in which they exist. Far reaching roots hold soil in place and fight erosion. Trees absorb and store rainwater which reduces runoff and sediment deposits after storms. This helps the ground water supply recharge, prevents the transport of chemicals into streams and prevents flooding. Fallen leaves make excellent compost that enriches soil. Many animals, including elephants, koalas and giraffes eat leaves for nourishment. Flowers are eaten by monkeys, and nectar is a favorite of birds, bats and many insects. Animals also eat much of the same fruit that we enjoy. This process helps disperse seeds over great distances. Of course, hundreds of living creatures call trees their home. Leaf- covered branches keep many animals, such as birds and squirrels, out of the reach of predators. (314 words) (25 Marks)
Q4. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:
Sportsmanship can be understood as a stable and enduring characteristic, distinguishing how individuals typically behave in difficult situation in the field of sports. It encompasses virtues such as fairness, self control, courage and persistence, and relates to concepts of inter personal conduct, such as treating others fairly, maintaining self-control in interactions, and respecting authority and opponents True sportsmanship is demonstrated through good form, the will to win, equity and fairness. Balancing these four elements is essential for genuinc sportsmanship. Conflicts may arise when the desire to win overshadows the commitment to equity and fairness, undermining the essence of sportsmanship. When athletes become too self.) centered, the principles of sportsmanship are often neglected. In contemporary sports culture especially at the elite level, competition and winning are highly emphasized, often at the expense of sportsmanship. Elite athletes set the standards for sportsmanship and are seen as Icaders and role models, regardless of their personal preferences. Given that every sport is governed by rules, the most conuson form of poor sportsmanship is cheating or breaking the files to gain an unfair advantage. A competitor who exhibits poor sportsmanship after losing is often termed as a 'sore loser, while one who does so after winning is called a 'bad winner'. Sore loser's behavior includes blaming others for the loss, refusing to accept responsibility for one's actions, reacting immaturely to the defeat making excuses, and citing trivial reasons for the loss. Conversely, a bad winner behaves shallowly after a victory, gloating, rubbing the win in opponents" faces, and diminishing their opponents self esteem by constantly reminding them of their inferior performance.
i) What are the key components of sportsmanship?
ii)Enlist the behaviours which can undermine spirit of sportsmanship?
iii) What is the most common attribute of bad sportsmanship?
iv) What are the competitors who exhibit poor sportsmanship after losing or winning a game, called?
v) When does the spirit of sportsmanship die? (25 Marks)
Q5. Correct the following sentences:
i) I do not approve to your smoking in public.
ii) I was so angry by the way I had been treated.
iii) Make sure to summarize your points in the conclusive paragraph.
iv) He entered the room and stood quietly for few moments.
v) Astronauts brought back specimen of moon rock.
vi) He participated in a five miles race.
vii) If interest rates would have been lower, I would have applied for a home loan.
vi) This farmer has five cattles and four dogs he is so short, but he plays basketball.
ix) Although he is so short, but he plays basketball
x) He is reading the book since morning. (25 Marks)
HINDI
Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks:100
नोट
1. सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं।
2. सभी प्रश्नों का उत्तर उसी क्रम में दें, जिस क्रम में प्रश्नपत्र में दिए गए हैं।
3. को अतिरिक्त उत्तर पुस्तिका प्रदान नहीं की जाएगी।
प्रश्न 1 निम्नलिखित गद्यांश का हिंदी में अनुवाद करें।
There are several forms of democracy, some of which provide better representation and more freedoms for their citizens than others. However, if any form of democracy is not carefully legislated to avoid an uneven distribution of political power with checks and balances for the separation of powers, then a particular branch of the system of rule is able to accumulate power in a way that is harmful to democracy itself. The "majority rule is often described as a characteristic feature of democracy, but without responsible government, it is possible for the rights of a minority may be abused by the "tyranny of the majority". An essential process in representative democracies are competitive elections that are fair both substantively and procedurally. Furthermore, freedom of political expression, freedom of speech and freedom of the press are essential so that citizens are informed and able to vote in their personal as well as national interest. (20 Marks)
प्रश्न 2 (क) निम्नलिखित गद्यांश की व्याख्या सरल हिंदी में करें
एक निर्धन महिला एक बार बुद्ध के पास आई और उसने उनसे कहा कि क्या वे उसके गरे हुए बच्चे को पुनर्जीवित करने की दया दे सकते हैं। बुद्ध, स्त्री के महान दुख से दुखी हुए, वे उससे बोले कि केवल एक दवा है जिससे तुम्हारा बेटा पुनर्जीवित हो सकता है। उन्होंने उसको आदेश दिया कि तुम उस घर से एक मुट्ठी सरसों के दाने (बीज) लाओ जिस घर में मृत्यु का कभी प्रवेश नहीं हुआ हो। शोकमग्न मौ द्वार-द्वार पर गई और सरसों के दाने गोंगे, परन्तु हर दद्वार पर उराको शोकपूर्ण उत्तर मिले। एक ने कहा, "मेरा पति मर गया। दूसरे ने कहा गत वर्ष हमारा सबसे छोटा बच्या मर गया।" यह भारी दुख के साथ महात्मा के पास लौट आई और अपनी खोज का परिणाम बताया। तब बुद्ध ने करुणापूर्ण शब्दों में कहा कि उसको अपने दुख के विषय में अधिक नहीं सोचना चाहिए, क्योंकि शोक और मृत्यु सबके साथ जुड़े हैं। (15 Marks)
(ख) निम्नलिखित पद्यांशों/दोहों की व्याख्या करें
(i) चाह नहीं, मैं सुरबाला के गहनों में गूंधा जाऊँ।
बाह नहीं, प्रेमी-माला में दिप प्यारी को ललचाऊँ।
चाह नहीं, सम्राटों के शव पर, हे हरि डाला जाऊँ।
चाह नहीं, देवों के सिर पर चढ़ भाग्य पर इठलाऊँ।
मुझे तोड़ लेना वनमाली।
उस पथ में तुम देना फेंक।। मातृ भूमि पर शीश चढ़ाने।
जिस पथ जायें बीर अनेक ।। (7 1/2 Marks)
(ii) जाति न पूछो साधु की, पूछ लीजिए ज्ञान्,
मोल करो तलवार का, पड़ा रहन दो म्यान। (71/2 Marks)
प्रश्न 3
(क) निम्नलिखित अशुद्ध शब्दों को शुद्ध करके लिखें:
(i) ग्याम (ii) क्रितपन (iii) शारिरिक
(iv) श्रृंगार (v) प्रतिष्टा (vi) रिणी
(vii) कार्यकर्म (viii) दुरलम (ix) पूर्वाहन
(x) शिखिर (5 Marks)
(ख) निम्नलिखित अशुद्ध वाक्यों के शुद्ध रुप लिखेंः
(i) इसे सप्रमाण सहित प्रस्तुत करें
(ii) यह सबसे श्रेष्ठतम है
(iii) चिडिया गा रही है
(iv) मानव ईश्वर की सबसे उत्कृष्टतम रचना है।
(v) बिना पुस्तकों के कैसे पढ़ोगे (5 Marks)
प्रश्न 4 निम्नलिखत मुडादरों के अर्थ लिखकर वाक्यों में प्रयोग करें
(i) टेढ़ी खीर (ii) सब धान बाईस पेत्तरी
(iii) काठ की हांडी बार-बार नहीं चढ़ती (iv) गूलर का फूल
(v) ओखली में सिर देना (vi) गुढ गोबर करना
(vii) तिल का ताढ़ बनाना (xiii) एक ही थाली के चट्टे बट्टे
(ix) बंदर क्या जाने अदरक का स्वाद (x) पानी पानी होना (10 Marks)
प्रश्न 5 निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक विषय पर निबंध लिखे
(i) समलैगिक विवाह
(ii) मीडिया और समाज
(iii) आतंकवाद एक चुनौती
(iv) पर्यावरण का क
(v) बदलते सामाजिक मूल्य (30 Marks)