ARTICLE 17 - ABOLITION OF UNTOUCHABILITY

“Untouchability’’ is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of “Untouchability’’ shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.

ARTICLE 18 - ABOLITION OF TITLES

1. No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State.

2. No citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreign State.

3. No person who is not a citizen of India shall, while he holds any office of profit or trust under the State, accept without the consent of the President any title from any foreign State.

4. No person holding any office of profit or trust under the State shall, without the consent of the President, accept any present, emolument, or office of any kind from or under any foreign State.

RIGHT TO FREEDOM

ARTICLE 19 - PROTECTION OF CERTAIN RIGHTS REGARDING FREEDOM OF SPEECH, ETC

1. All citizens shall have the right—

a. to freedom of speech and expression;

b. to assemble peaceably and without arms;

c. to form associations or unions;

d. to move freely throughout the territory of India;

e. to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; and

f. [ Cl(f) was omitted by the Constitution 44th Amendment Act, 1978.]             

g. to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

2. Nothing in sub-clause (a) of clause (1) shall affect the operation of any existing law, or prevent the State from making any law, in so far as such law imposes reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, (added by the Constitution (16th Amendment) Act 1963,) the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.

3. Nothing in sub-clause (b) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India (added by the Constitution (16th Amendment) Act 1963,) or public order, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause.

4. Nothing in sub-clause (c) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India or public order or morality, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause.

5. Nothing in sub-clause (g) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or  prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of the general public, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub-clause, and, in particular, nothing in the said sub-clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it relates to, or prevent the State from making any law relating to,

I. the professional or technical qualifications necessary for practising any profession or carrying on any occupation, trade or business, or

II. the carrying on by the State, or by a corporation owned or controlled by the State, of any trade, business, industry or service, whether to the exclusion, complete or partial, of citizens or otherwise. (added by the Constitution (Ist Amendment) Act 1951,)